# Vocabulary
1. Chauvinist (noun) - A person displaying aggressive or exaggerated patriotism – अंधराष्ट्रीवादी
S - Jingoist, Nationalist, Patriot, Belligerent
A – Internationalist, Philogynist, Traitor
Mnemonic – Show over nationalist=Cha
uvinist
Use - The crowd was enthusiastically singing chauvinistic patriotic songs.
2. Celestial (adjective) - Positioned in or relating to the sky, or outer space as observed in astronomy – खगोलीय
S - Elysian, Empyreal, Empyrean, Ethereal, Heavenly, Supernal
A – Chthonic, Hellish, Infernal, Plutonian, Sulfurous, Tartarean
Mnemonic – Celestial sounding more like Galaxial.
Use - The moon is a celestial body.
3. Clandestine (adjective) - Kept secret or done secretively, especially because illicit – गुप्त
S - Backstairs, Behind-the-scenes, Secret, Covert, Furtive, Hole-and-corner, Hugger-mugger, Hush-hush, Private, Privy, Sneak
A – Open, Overt, Public
Mnemonic – Plan(Clan) this(des) time(tine) in Clandestine --- Plan this time secretly
Use - She undertook several clandestine operations for the CIA.
4. Covert (adjective) - Not openly acknowledged or displayed – प्रच्छन्न
S - Cloistered, Secluded, Hidden, Isolated, Quiet, Remote, Retired, Secret, Sheltered
A – Obvious, Visible, Exposed
Mnemonic – Covert sounds like "covered [covert = cover + t or covered + t] and something which is covered can be considered a secret.
Use - The government was accused of covert military operations against the regime.
5. Catastrophe (noun) - An event causing great and usually sudden damage or suffering / A disaster – आपदा
S - Apocalypse, Calamity, Cataclysm, Disaster, Debacle
A – Manna, Windfall
Mnemonic – Cut a trophy : If we loss the trophy then that event will be big loss misfortune , so is the meaning --> event resulting in great loss and misfortune
Use - They were warned of the ecological catastrophe to come.
6. Condolence (noun) - An expression of sympathy, especially on the occasion of the death of a person's relative or close friend – शोक
S – Commiseration, Solace, Sympathy, Consolation
A – Congratulate, Greeting, Felicitating
Use - Dignitaries from all over the world came to offer their condolences.
7. Connivance (noun) - Willingness to allow or be secretly involved in an immoral or illegal act - किसी के साथ मिलकर अवैध कार्य करना
S – Collusion, Conspiracy, Complicity
A – Quarrel, Impermeability, Secret
Mnemonic – Sounds like "convenience". Today everybody is convenient in ignoring the wrong thing
Use - Their appalling treatment of their child could only have happened with the connivance of their neighbours.
8. Contraband (adjective) - Goods that have been imported or exported illegally – तस्करी
S – Illegal, Illicit, Banned, Forbidden, Unlawful, Prohibited, Unauthorized
A – Legal, Permitted, Allowed
Mnemonic – Remember the game CONTRA. 2 PEOPLE trying to fight against ILLEGAL SMUGGLING!
Use - The lorry contained thousands of kilos worth of contraband.
9. Countermand (verb) - Revoke or cancel (an order) – रद्द करना
S – Rescind, Annul, Repeal, Reverse
A – Mandate, Allow, Approve, Sanction, Permit, Acquiesce
Mnemonic – Counter + command. So counter the previous command.
Use - The changes are due to take effect in December, unless Parliament passes countermanding legislation in the interim.
10. Colloquial (adjective) - Used in ordinary or familiar conversation / Not formal or literary (of language) - चलती भाषा
S - Conversational, Informal, Nonformal, Nonliterary, Unbookish, Unliterary, Vernacular
A – Bookish, Formal, Learned, Literary
Mnemonic – Colloquial - can be read as Coll - local so we use local language(informal) language in our college.
Use – A colloquial speech.
1. Chauvinist (noun) - A person displaying aggressive or exaggerated patriotism – अंधराष्ट्रीवादी
S - Jingoist, Nationalist, Patriot, Belligerent
A – Internationalist, Philogynist, Traitor
Mnemonic – Show over nationalist=Cha
uvinist
Use - The crowd was enthusiastically singing chauvinistic patriotic songs.
2. Celestial (adjective) - Positioned in or relating to the sky, or outer space as observed in astronomy – खगोलीय
S - Elysian, Empyreal, Empyrean, Ethereal, Heavenly, Supernal
A – Chthonic, Hellish, Infernal, Plutonian, Sulfurous, Tartarean
Mnemonic – Celestial sounding more like Galaxial.
Use - The moon is a celestial body.
3. Clandestine (adjective) - Kept secret or done secretively, especially because illicit – गुप्त
S - Backstairs, Behind-the-scenes, Secret, Covert, Furtive, Hole-and-corner, Hugger-mugger, Hush-hush, Private, Privy, Sneak
A – Open, Overt, Public
Mnemonic – Plan(Clan) this(des) time(tine) in Clandestine --- Plan this time secretly
Use - She undertook several clandestine operations for the CIA.
4. Covert (adjective) - Not openly acknowledged or displayed – प्रच्छन्न
S - Cloistered, Secluded, Hidden, Isolated, Quiet, Remote, Retired, Secret, Sheltered
A – Obvious, Visible, Exposed
Mnemonic – Covert sounds like "covered [covert = cover + t or covered + t] and something which is covered can be considered a secret.
Use - The government was accused of covert military operations against the regime.
5. Catastrophe (noun) - An event causing great and usually sudden damage or suffering / A disaster – आपदा
S - Apocalypse, Calamity, Cataclysm, Disaster, Debacle
A – Manna, Windfall
Mnemonic – Cut a trophy : If we loss the trophy then that event will be big loss misfortune , so is the meaning --> event resulting in great loss and misfortune
Use - They were warned of the ecological catastrophe to come.
6. Condolence (noun) - An expression of sympathy, especially on the occasion of the death of a person's relative or close friend – शोक
S – Commiseration, Solace, Sympathy, Consolation
A – Congratulate, Greeting, Felicitating
Use - Dignitaries from all over the world came to offer their condolences.
7. Connivance (noun) - Willingness to allow or be secretly involved in an immoral or illegal act - किसी के साथ मिलकर अवैध कार्य करना
S – Collusion, Conspiracy, Complicity
A – Quarrel, Impermeability, Secret
Mnemonic – Sounds like "convenience". Today everybody is convenient in ignoring the wrong thing
Use - Their appalling treatment of their child could only have happened with the connivance of their neighbours.
8. Contraband (adjective) - Goods that have been imported or exported illegally – तस्करी
S – Illegal, Illicit, Banned, Forbidden, Unlawful, Prohibited, Unauthorized
A – Legal, Permitted, Allowed
Mnemonic – Remember the game CONTRA. 2 PEOPLE trying to fight against ILLEGAL SMUGGLING!
Use - The lorry contained thousands of kilos worth of contraband.
9. Countermand (verb) - Revoke or cancel (an order) – रद्द करना
S – Rescind, Annul, Repeal, Reverse
A – Mandate, Allow, Approve, Sanction, Permit, Acquiesce
Mnemonic – Counter + command. So counter the previous command.
Use - The changes are due to take effect in December, unless Parliament passes countermanding legislation in the interim.
10. Colloquial (adjective) - Used in ordinary or familiar conversation / Not formal or literary (of language) - चलती भाषा
S - Conversational, Informal, Nonformal, Nonliterary, Unbookish, Unliterary, Vernacular
A – Bookish, Formal, Learned, Literary
Mnemonic – Colloquial - can be read as Coll - local so we use local language(informal) language in our college.
Use – A colloquial speech.
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